什么是饱和含量?_技术问答_技术应用


normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%">什么是饱和含量?
答：空气中所能容纳的水蒸气含量是有一定限度的。当达到某一数值时，含量不能继续增多，多余部分会以液态水的状态析出。这个最大允许含量叫饱和含量。
在日常生活中我们可以看到，在密封容器中，水蒸发到一定程度就不再继续蒸发。这是因为在开始时，空间中水蒸气的分子数目较少，液体中有较多水分子可跑到空间中去，使空间的水蒸气分子数目增多。与此同时，也有一部分水蒸气分子会跑到液体中去。当离开液体的分子数目与跑回到液体中去的分子数目相等时，空间的蒸气分子数目不再增加，即蒸气的含量达到最大值。在饱和含量下蒸气不再增加，即蒸气的含量达到最大值。在饱和含量下蒸气分子所产生的分压力叫饱和分压力。在敞开的大空间内，当空气较潮湿时，衣服不易晾干，这也是因为空间中的水蒸气分子达到了饱和，即空气中水蒸气的分压力达到饱和分压力，湿衣服上水分无法再蒸发到空间中去的缘故。
normal style="TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">随着温度的升高，分子运动的能量增加，有更多的分子可以脱离液体表面的引力而进入空间，变成蒸气，这就可使蒸发过程加剧。温度降低时则相反，分子运动的能量减少到一定程度，因互相吸引而冷凝成液体。所以，随着温度的升高，空气中能够容纳的水蒸气越多。温度越高，所对应的水蒸气最大含量(饱和含量)也越大；在饱和含量时水蒸气所产生的分压力(饱和水蒸气压)也越高。它们之间有一一的对应关系，可通过实验测定(见表8)。图7是以曲线形式表示了饱和水蒸气压与温度的关系。
表8空气在不同温度下的饱和水分含量和饱和蒸气压
normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>温度 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>饱和水分含量/g·m^-3 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>饱和蒸气压/Pa normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>温度 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>饱和水分含量/g·m^-3 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>饱和蒸气压/Pa normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>/℃ normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>/K normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>/ ℃ normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>/K normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>40 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>38 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>36 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>34 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>32 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>30 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>28 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>26 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>24 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>22 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>20 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>18 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>16 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>14 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>12 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>10 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>8 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>6 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center>4 normal style="LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; 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